Bromelain Can Help Relieve Inflammation

Pineapple is one of the most beloved tropical fruits worldwide. However, if you frequently browse the internet, you may have come across articles claiming that pineapple is “eating you.” What sparked such statements? It's bromelain.

Beyond this notable fact, bromelain has garnered attention in the medical community for its impressive health benefits. If you're curious about why bromelain is gaining popularity, keep reading to learn more about this pineapple-derived compound.

What is Bromelain?

Bromelain, or pineapple extract, is a compound made up of proteolytic enzymes typically found in pineapples. While it's well-known for aiding digestion and breaking down proteins, its functions extend far beyond that. The good news is that bromelain is available as a supplement and can be used as an adjunct treatment for various conditions.

The history of bromelain is closely tied to pineapple, as it is the only known major source of these enzymes. Chemist Vicente Marcano first discovered bromelain in 1891, which was later isolated by another chemist, Russell Henry Chittenden. Initially referred to as "bromelin," it was described as "a proteolytic enzyme in pineapple juice."

The primary source is the fruit itself, though scientists have found that the stems of mature pineapples contain higher levels of bromelain.

Since its discovery, the production of bromelain has expanded significantly. Commercialization has led manufacturers to develop faster extraction techniques for large-scale production and purification. Today, bromelain supplements are used for various health purposes.

Observations show that the effects of bromelain depend on when it is taken. For instance, taken after a meal, it aids digestion and absorption, while on an empty stomach, it can help relieve inflammation.

Where Does Bromelain Come From?

The only major source of bromelain is the pineapple plant. This enzyme is typically extracted from the pineapple stems or immature fruits, but other parts of the plant also contain lower levels of bromelain. Currently, no other fruits have been found to contain significant amounts of this enzyme. Based on the extraction source, bromelain is categorized into two types:

• Stem Bromelain (SBM) — This is the most common type on the market due to its lower extraction costs and the fact that pineapple stems have little other value. It is extracted using centrifugation, ultrafiltration, or freeze-drying. When bromelain is mentioned in mainstream products, it likely refers to this type.
• Fruit Bromelain (FBM) — Research indicates that fruit bromelain has lower digestive activity than stem bromelain, but better proteolytic activity. Unlike stem bromelain, this type is not widely used due to its limited availability.

Effects and Benefits of Bromelain

As a protease, bromelain is known for improving protein absorption. However, it is widely used to promote wound healing and assist in treating various conditions. For instance, if you suffer from chronic inflammation or sports injuries, consider taking bromelain supplements to help your body recover. Other benefits you may gain from this supplement include:

• Reducing Inflammation and Swelling — Bromelain may help alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also used to aid recovery from sprains and strains by reducing swelling and promoting tissue healing. For those currently on arthritis medications, bromelain could serve as a more natural alternative.
• Enhancing Immune Function — Research suggests that bromelain supports a healthy immune system by regulating various inflammatory proteins during cellular stress.
• Accelerating Wound Healing — Studies have shown that using bromelain after surgery can enhance soft tissue healing and reduce bruising. Patients taking bromelain tend to have shorter wound healing times compared to those who do not.
• Relieving Sinusitis Symptoms — Sinusitis refers to inflammation of the sinus lining, often caused by infections, nasal issues, or allergies. Bromelain is a known supplement for alleviating sinusitis symptoms. When combined with quercetin, bromelain may help ease sinusitis, with quercetin acting as an antihistamine.
• Promoting Blood Flow — Bromelain can reduce platelet aggregation in blood vessels and lower the chances of clot formation, helping to promote healthy blood flow. This may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases.

Some also claim that bromelain can help induce menstruation by softening the endometrium, with increased blood flow potentially helping to prevent menstrual cramps.

Uses of Bromelain

Given its remarkable properties, it’s no surprise that bromelain is used to treat or alleviate disease symptoms. Although bromelain is often prescribed or recommended by doctors for postoperative patients or those with chronic sinusitis, it has other applications, including:

• Treating Local Burns — Studies have shown that bromelain can help remove dead skin cells from third-degree burns and assist in the healing of first and second-degree burns. However, do not use any bromelain ointments for severe burns without medical advice.
• Alleviating Indigestion and Heartburn — Bromelain is known to help ease indigestion and bloating, especially when taken with other supplemental enzymes.
• Soothing Discomfort from Insect Bites — Applying bromelain directly to insect bites can help reduce inflammation and discomfort.
• Meat Tenderizer — Pineapple has been used in cooking to tenderize meat. Currently, bromelain is sold as a powdered meat tenderizer, often combined with papain (an enzyme found in papayas). In fact, due to its potency, if used to marinate meat for too long, bromelain can turn it mushy.

Scientific Research on Bromelain’s Benefits and Uses

The effects of bromelain have been the focus of numerous animal studies aimed at uncovering its mechanisms and impacts on various bodily systems. Research has centered around its roles in promoting wound healing and enhancing immune and anti-inflammatory functions.

In a study at Manipal College of Dental Sciences, researchers found that bromelain, along with papain, neem, and other natural ingredients, helped prevent plaque and gingivitis in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. The results suggested that bromelain, when used with these natural components, can serve as an effective oral hygiene agent, reducing the risk of poor dental health in individuals with braces or dental appliances.

Other studies indicate that bromelain may inhibit or slow cancer cell metastasis, positively influencing cancer treatment. A 2013 study noted that bromelain directly impacted the growth and spread of gastrointestinal cancer cells, primarily through promoting apoptosis in cancer cells and activating specific cell death pathways.

Cancer patients have reported improved appetite, reduced fatigue, and relief from other issues related to cancer treatment.

Scientists have also explored bromelain's potential in inhibiting fat generation, which is crucial for preventing obesity. A study conducted in 2012 at the Institute of Microbial Technology found that stem bromelain can reduce fat formation by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting apoptosis in mature fat cells.

Possible Side Effects and Contraindications of Bromelain

Bromelain is generally considered safe, and serious side effects are uncommon even with high doses. However, some individuals may experience allergic reactions, particularly those who are allergic to pineapple.

People allergic to latex, pollen, wheat, celery, carrots, and fennel should also avoid bromelain unless advised otherwise by a healthcare professional. Additionally, pregnant women should refrain from using bromelain due to insufficient research on its safety for both mother and fetus.

Drug Interactions: When to Reduce or Stop Bromelain Intake

Be aware that bromelain may interact with certain medications you are taking, affecting their absorption and digestion. If you are on the following medications, consider stopping or reducing bromelain until your treatment is complete:

• Antibiotics — Studies indicate that bromelain supplements can enhance the absorption and increase the concentration of antibiotics in the body.
• Anticoagulants and Antiplatelet Drugs (e.g., Warfarin, Aspirin, NSAIDs) — Taking bromelain with blood thinners may increase the risk of excessive bleeding.
• Sedatives — Some research suggests that bromelain can cause drowsiness in certain cases, potentially enhancing the effects of sedatives and antidepressants.

If you are taking any of these medications, consult your healthcare provider to avoid unintended consequences.

Considering Bromelain as a More Natural Anti-Inflammatory

Pharmaceutical companies offer a wide range of anti-inflammatory medications, but they can also have negative impacts on health. If you’re looking for a safe, natural alternative to synthetic pain relievers and anti-inflammatories, bromelain supplements may be one of your best options. They not only help reduce inflammation but can also support the immune system and lower the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Bromelain

Q: What does bromelain do?
A: Bromelain is used to alleviate various types of inflammation, from sinusitis during flare-ups to inflammation caused by osteoarthritis. It can also accelerate wound healing and treat certain skin conditions. Some studies have even shown its potential in cancer prevention and treatment.

Q: Is bromelain safe?
A: Bromelain supplements are generally safe for humans. Research has shown that taking bromelain for acute sinusitis does not produce side effects. However, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider to ensure you are not allergic to any ingredients in the supplement.

Q: What are the benefits of turmeric and bromelain?
A: Curcumin, derived from turmeric, contains anti-inflammatory properties similar to those of bromelain, helping to relieve joint and muscle pain. Together, these plant-based remedies may serve as a natural, safe alternative for inflammation relief.

Q: How long does it take for bromelain to work?
A: The onset time for bromelain is not precisely determined, but it is typically used as a short-term treatment for inflammatory pain.

Q: How much bromelain is in a pineapple?
A: Bromelain is usually processed from the stem of the pineapple, meaning that a ripe pineapple contains only a small amount, insufficient for disease prevention or treatment. Other parts of the pineapple plant have been found to contain bromelain, but at lower levels than the stem.

Q: What does bromelain break down?
A: Bromelain is responsible for breaking down proteins, aiding in optimal absorption. It can also break down fibrin, a blood-clotting protein, which may help prevent angina and thrombophlebitis.